{"id":277,"date":"2017-06-12T08:36:00","date_gmt":"2017-06-12T08:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/blog\/2017\/06\/12\/compare-c-and-scalar-programming-languages-part-1\/"},"modified":"2020-11-05T12:43:14","modified_gmt":"2020-11-05T11:43:14","slug":"compare-c-and-scalar-programming-languages-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/blog\/compare-c-and-scalar-programming-languages-part-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Compare C# and Scalar Programming Languages – Part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

This is an assignment given to MSc. Students of the University of Port Harcourt as well as the Rivers State University of Science and Technology here in Nigeria.<\/span><\/div>\n


\n<\/span>We are going to make the comparison based on the sub-topics listed below and then we would also look at the similarities and differences.<\/span><\/div>\n

\n<\/span>Also to be examined, in the second part is Object Oriented Programming Concepts.<\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. Background<\/li>\n
  2. Assignment Statements and Expressions<\/li>\n
  3. Data Types<\/li>\n
  4. Relational Operators<\/li>\n
  5. Conditional Control Structure<\/li>\n
  6. Looping Constructs<\/li>\n
  7. String Manipulation<\/li>\n
  8. Functions and Procedures<\/li>\n
  9. Array Declaration and Manipulation<\/li>\n
  10. Lists and Pointers<\/li>\n
  11. Sets<\/li>\n
  12. Polymorphism<\/li>\n
  13. Summary and Final Notes<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    <\/div>\n
    1. Background<\/b><\/div>\n
    \n
    Here we would Examine the background and history of both programming languages<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Background of C#<\/b><\/div>\n
    The C# Programming Language was designed and developed by Microsoft \u00a0with the development team led by a Computer Programmer named Anders Hejlsberg. The first release of C# appeared in the year 2000 but as of then was not very stable.<\/div>\n
    C# is a multi-paradigm programming language. This means that the language can be has features of an Object Oriented Programming Language while at the same time can be used as a Functional or Structural Language as well as Event-Driven language.<\/div>\n
    The development of C# was influenced by Languages such as Java, C and C++.<\/div>\n
    The latest version of C# as of the time of this article is version 6 with was released in 2015.<\/div>\n
    C# files have the extension .cs.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Background of Scala<\/b><\/div>\n
    The Scala Programming Language just like C# is also a multi-paradigm programming language and therefore exhibit features of both OOP languages and functional languages.<\/div>\n
    Scala was designed by a Computer Scientist named Odersky and developed by Programming Methods Lab.<\/div>\n
    The Scala programming language source code was designed to be compiled into Java Bytecodes and therefore can be run on a Java Virtual Machine(JVM). This is why Scala has a strong similarity with Java.<\/div>\n
    The first release of Scala appeared in the year 2004. Although having similarity with Java, it is influenced by such languages as Eiffel, Lisp and SmallTalk.<\/div>\n
    The file extension for Scala is .sc or .scala.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    2 Assignment Statement and Expressions<\/b><\/div>\n
    \n
    Here we would examine assignment statement in both languages and also look at code fragments that illustrate this<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Assignment Statements in C#<\/b><\/div>\n
    Before we discuss assignment statements in C#, it is necessary to note that \u00a0the C# language implements strong and static data types. This means that the variables must be declared before they can be assigned values.<\/div>\n
    Remember that in the compilation process, data types (for languages that support strong data typing) are checked during the semantic analysis phase.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    In C#, variables are declared with the syntax:<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n

    <datatype> variable;<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    So if we want to declare a variable called total as integer, we would say:<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n

    int total;<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    Don’t forget that lines of codes in C# is terminated by a semicolon(;).<\/div>\n
    After a variable is declared, \u00a0a value can be assigned using the assignment operator(=). The syntax is as follows:<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n

    <variable_name> = <value><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    This reads as, “variable_name gets value”<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Not “variable equals value” (this is important to know!)<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    An example would be when we assign a value of 15 to a variable named sum, the assignment statement would be:<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n

    sum = 15;<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    We can also declare a variable and assign it a value in the same line, thus:<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n

    int sum = 15;<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Assignment Statement in Scala<\/b><\/div>\n
    The Scala Language has different syntax fro declaring and assigning variables. In Scala, the var keyword is used to declare a new variable. The format is:<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    var MyName: String;<\/span><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    This declares a variable MyName as s string type. Also note that the line is terminated with a semicolon just like in C#.<\/div>\n
    You can assign a value to a variable using the assignment operator (=). YOu can also declare a variable and assign a value to it in the same line. The examples below are valid assignment statements in Scala:<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    var MyName: String = “The Genius”;<\/span><\/div>\n

    \n<\/span>var Number : int;<\/span><\/div>\n
    Number = 56;<\/span><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    The first line declares a variable MyName as a string type and assigns it a value of “The Genius”<\/div>\n
    The second line declares a variable Number as integer<\/div>\n
    The third line, assigns a value of 56 to the Number variable<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    3. Data Types<\/b><\/div>\n
    \n
    Data types are part of every programming language, so we are going to examine the data types available in both C# and Scala.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Data Types in C#<\/b><\/div>\n
    The data stored in the computer memory can be of different types. For example, someone’s age is stored as a numeric value and his address stored as alphanumeric characters made up of both numbers and alphabets. C# has various standard data types that are used to define the operations possible on them and the storage method for each of them.<\/div>\n
    Just as I mentioned before, C# supports strong data types, which means that the variables must be declared \u00a0as the appropriate type before they can be assigned a value. Let’s outline a few of the most common data types in C#.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    The table below shows the data types in C#<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    <\/a><\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    We also have Date data type and String data type that would be discussed under String Manipulation<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Data Types in Scala<\/b><\/div>\n
    The Scala Programming Language shares the same data types with Java as well as the same precision. All data types in Scala are objects as opposed to basic types. This means that you cal actually call methods on them. More of this under Functions and Procedures.<\/div>\n
    The most common Scala data types are given below<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n